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The Rajawali Foundation Institute for Asia’s China Philanthropy Project
This annually updated original database features top philanthropic donations by individuals and organizations in Mainland China. Through the visualization of data in charts and graphs, our research tracks the geography of China-based giving and receiving, the range of causes supported, and the industries represented by this giving. We also highlight levels of individual generosity, which measures giving as a percentage of an individual’s publicly disclosed net worth. Given reporting lags by many foundations and government, the data below are the most recent available and cover the 2021 calendar year.
$14.08 Billion
Top 100 Individuals Donation: $3.27 Billion
Top 100 Organizations Donation: $3.55 Billion
62.62% of Total National Giving
China’s capital - Beijing - was home to 29 top donors who collectively gave $3.42 billion in 2021, rendering it the most generous region when measured by both total giving and number of top donors. This is the first time since we began collecting data in 2017 that Beijing overtook Guangdong to rank first in both measures. This is primarily due to Beijing being the base of the leading donor, Wang Xing, who contributed $2.30 billion in stocks. Guangdong ranked second in terms of total giving and number of top donors, producing 27 donors and giving a total of $1.19 billion.
Despite slowing growth, China’s Real Estate industry continued to produce the largest number of top Chinese philanthropists, contributing 23 of the top 100 donors. The Healthcare Industry followed in second place with 16 donors, and Internet and Communication Technology, together with Energy and Natural Resources tied for third with 11 donors. In contrast to 2020, the industry contributing the most donations in 2021 was not Real Estate, but the Service industry, which donated a total of $2.32 billion. This was mainly driven by Wang Xing’s donation of $2.30 billion to his own Wang Xing Foundation.
In 2021, 74 of the top 100 donors donated to charitable foundations. Their donations went to Government-Affiliated Charitable Foundations (49) and Non-Government Charitable Foundations (65).
Excluding Unspecified and Unrestricted causes of donations, Education continued to be at the top of our 2021 list of causes in terms of total giving and number of top donors. The cause of Education received the lion’s share of donations by 69 donors for a total of $1.21 billion, representing 19.15% of total elite giving. Giving to Public Health rose to $645.79 million and accounted for 10.18% of total giving, ranking second. Poverty Alleviation at $422.77 million and Disaster Relief at $241.54 million dropped to third and fourth place. However, when measured by the number of donors, Disaster Relief continued to rank second with 26 donors, followed by Poverty Alleviation at 24 donors, and both Public Health and Social Welfare at 22 donors.
In 2021, Environmental causes continued to receive scant attention with 6 donors contributing a total of $ 19.85 million. Social Welfare also lagged behind other causes as well, receiving $ 62.34 million in total and only accounting for 0.98% of total elite giving.
China’s top individual philanthropists are still overwhelmingly male. Among the 100 donors in the “Individuals - Total Giving” list, only 12 are women, while 6 are family donors and 76 are male. Xu Xin, founder of Capital Today, donated $10.01 million to Nanjing University Education Development Foundation, ranking her the top female donor and 16th in our top individual donors list.
In 2021, Non-Government Charitable Foundations continued to attract the most donors. More than half of top donors (65) donated to Non-Government Charitable Foundations while 49 donors gave to Government-Affiliated Charitable Foundations.
In 2021, 33 donors donated solely to their own home provinces, a slight increase from 27 in 2020, 29 donors contributed exclusively across provinces, and 40 donors donated both within and across provinces. The need for cross-border donations declined with the mitigation of COVID-19.
In 2021, total donations from China’s top 100 donors increased year-over-year by $1.23 billion, or 24.03%. We identified significant changes – and important continuities – in the top individual giving, the top causes supported, and the top recipients.
Our new “China Philanthropy Insight Series” seeks to highlight original research, timely news stories, innovative cases, and occasional interviews about Chinese philanthropy.
The rise of private wealth is one of the most important developments in modern China, with implications for the country’s social, economic, and political arenas. How individuals choose to deploy such resources will shape the relationships between the individual and the state, between the state and business, and between the state and the social sector.
This project aims to strengthen understanding of China’s philanthropic landscape by analyzing the makeup and choices of China’s most generous individuals. We hope the introduction of a metric on level of generosity, while imperfect, will add a new dimension to the discussion on how China’s wealthy choose to support charitable causes. We welcome comments and suggestions on our analysis and methodology through the email address listed below. The findings compile data from a variety of sources including media reports, government databases, foundation annual reports, university websites and so on.
We believe that an independent, verified, and research-oriented database on China's philanthropic giving will enable much-needed quantitative research on the sector and provide a crucial resource for government, academic, media, and non-profit organizations.
We will supplement the database with a range of case studies, white papers, academic articles, and interviews with leading philanthropists and leaders of philanthropic organizations.
This website will be updated annually.
Tony Saich – Ash Center Director. Tony directs a range of programs at the Harvard Kennedy School and teaches courses on comparative political institutions, democratic governance, and transitional economies with a focus on China. A former Chief Representative of the Ford Foundation in China, he also teaches and researches topics related to the development of China’s civil society and philanthropic sector.
Yunxin Li – Research Data Analyst. Yunxin is in charge of the data team and responsible for our project's data validation, analysis, and visualization. She develops the project plans, manages the project operation and oversees the overall project workflow. Yunxin received her M.S. in Business Analytics from Bentley University and a B.A. in Business Administration from Beijing Normal University.
Yutong Lu – Research Assistant. Yutong is responsible for data collection, cleaning, validation, and analysis of overall China Philanthropy data. She also helps in writing project report and updating methodology. Yutong received her Master’s degree in Global Health and Population from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Michigan.
Siqi Yang – Research Assistant. Siqi Yang is responsible for data collection, cleaning, validation, and analysis of overall China Philanthropy data. She also helps with writing and laying out the project report and visualizing the data. She received her Master’s degree in Publics from Harvard Graduate School of Design and a Bachelor’s degree in Interaction Design from Pratt Institute.
Edward Cunningham - Ash Center China Programs Director. Edward teaches and conducts research related to China's business/government relations, energy markets and governance, international economics and competitiveness, and China’s integration into the world. Most recently he has engaged in work on the rise of Chinese private wealth and philanthropic development.
Wanru Liu – Research Assistant. Wanru Liu is responsible for collecting, validating, and analyzing Chinese donation data. She also helps in drafting the project report and updating the methodology. She received her Master of Science degree in Global Health and Population from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from the University of Michigan.
Yu Yan – Research Assistant. Yu Yan is responsible for data collection, cleaning, validation, and analysis of overall China Philanthropy data. She also helps in writing project report and updating methodology. She received her Master’s degree in Health Data Science from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics from Boston University.